Developed Reliable Management Techniques for Kidney Transplants
Thomas Starzl
Thomas Earl Starzl (March 11, 1926 – March 4, 2017) was an American physician, researcher, and expert on organ transplants. He performed the first human liver transplants, and has often been referred to as "the father of modern transplantation." A documentary, entitled "Burden of Genius,” covering the medical and scientific advances spearheaded by Starzl himself, was released to the public in 2017 in a series of screenings.
Life
Early years
Starzl was born on March 11, 1926, in Le Mars, Iowa, the son of newspaper editor and science fiction writer Roman Frederick Starzl and Anna Laura Fitzgerald who was a teacher and a nurse. He was the second of four siblings Originally intending to become a priest in his teenage years, Starzl changed his plans drastically when his mother died from breast cancer in 1947.
Education
He attended Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in biology. Starzl attended Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago, where in 1950 he received a Master of Science degree in anatomy and in 1952 earned both a Ph.D. in neurophysiology and an M.D. with distinction.[4] While attending medical school, he established a long friendship with Professor Loyal Davis, MD, a neurosurgeon (whose wife Edith Luckett Davis' daughter from her first marriage was Nancy Reagan).
Starzl spent an extra year at medical school, using the additional time to complete a doctorate in neurophysiology, in 1952. He wrote a seminal paper describing a technique to record the electrical responses of deep brain structures to sensory stimuli such as a flash of light or a loud sound. The paper is highly cited, having been referenced in 384 articles by January 2019.
In 1959, he gained a Markle scholarship.
After obtaining his medical degree, Starzl trained in surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore and Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami. At both places, he conducted lab and animal research, showing a keen interest in liver biology.
Awards and honors
Awards
Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences (2016, American Philosophical Society)
· Anthony Cerami Award in Translational Medicine (2015, editors of Molecular Medicine)
· Baruch S. Blumberg Prize (2014, Hepatitis B Foundation)
· Lasker Award (2012, Lasker Foundation) for clinical medical research
|
|
|
· Carnegie Science Chairman's Award (2010, Carnegie Science Center)
· Gustav O. Lienhard Award (2009, National Institute of Medicine
· Physician of the Year Award for Lifetime Achievement (2009) presented by Castle Connolly Medical.
· National Medal of Science (2004), presented by President George W. Bush at the White House in 2006
· John Scott Award (2004)
· King Faisal International Prize for Medicine (2001)
· Lannelongue International Medal (1998, Académie Nationale de Chirurgie)
· Jacobson Innovation Award (1995, American College of Surgeons)
· Peter Medawar Prize (1992, The Transplantation Society)
· William Beaumont Prize in Gastroenterology (1991, American Gastroenterological Association)
· Distinguished Service Award (1991, American Liver Foundation)
· Golden Plate Award, (1983 American Academy of Achievement)
· David M. Hume Memorial Award (1978, National Kidney Foundation)
· Brookdale Award in Medicine (1974, American Medical Association)
· Bigelow Medal (Boston Surgical Society)
· City of Medicine Award
Starzl was named one of the most important people of the Millennium, ranking No. 213, according to the authors of "1,000 Years, 1,000 People: Ranking the Men and Women Who Shaped the Millennium " (Kodansha America, 332 pp.)[1]
Starzl has also received honorary degrees from 26 universities in the United States and abroad, which include 12 in Science, 11 in Medicine, 2 in Humane Letters, and 1 in Law.[citation needed]
In 2006, at a celebration for his 80th birthday, the University of Pittsburgh renamed one of its newest medical research buildings the Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower in recognition of his achievements and contributions to the field.[23] On October 15, 2007, the Western Pennsylvania American Liver Foundation and the City of Pittsburgh honored Starzl by dedicating Lothrop Street, near his office and the biomedical research tower bearing his name, as "Thomas E. Starzl Way".
A statue honoring Starzl was unveiled on June 24, 2018 on the University of Pittsburgh campus near the school's Cathedral of Learning
Honor s
|
|
|
Grand-Cross of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, Portugal (13 November 1995)
Retirement
Having retired from clinical and surgical service since 1991, Starzl devoted his time to research endeavors and remained active as professor of surgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center's (UPMC) program named in his honor: the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute. Since his “retirement,” he earned the additional distinctions of being one of the most prolific scientists in the world as well as the most cited scientist in the field of clinical medicine.[27]
Thomas Starzl Facts
A world-renowned transplant surgeon, Thomas Starzl (born 1926) performed the first human liver transplant in 1963 and was also a pioneer in kidney transplantation. Starzl's research in chimerism, the coexistence of donor and recipient cells, led to significant contributions in the understanding of transplant immunology, including how and why organs are accepted. He also helped to develop better drugs to make human organ transplants safer and more successful.
Thomas Earl Starzl was born into a prominent Le Mars, Iowa, family of German extraction on March 11, 1926. His father, Roman F. Starzl, was editor and publisher of the Globe Post and, as R.F. Starzl, was one of the early twentieth-century science fiction writers. His father was also a frustrated inventor. His mother, Anna Loretta (Laura) Fitzgerald Starzl, was the center of family life and when she died of breast cancer just before Starzl graduated from college the family disintegrated. Starzl had an older brother, two younger sisters, and from his father's second marriage, a half sister. From the age of twelve or thirteen, Starzl was expected to do his share of work at the paper. His first job was as a newspaper carrier. Later, he became a devil, one of the men who fed giant rolls of paper into the presses. Starzl was also an excellent student and participated in school athletics. While Starzl was sheltered in his small Iowa town, World War II raged abroad.
College Years
Upon graduation from high school, Starzl immediately enlisted in the navy and was sent to officers' training school at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, in 1944. He returned to Westminster College in the premedical program after his discharge from the navy and graduated with a degree in biology in 1947. He entered Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago, Illinois, in September 1947. After three years in medical school, Starzl took a year off to work with Dr. Horace W. Magouin, a professor of neuroanatomy and a world-renowned researcher of the nervous system with a particular interest in sleep and wakefulness. Starzl developed a recording technique to track deep brain responses to sensory stimuli. According to Starzl in his autobiography The Puzzle People: Memoirs of a Transplant Surgeon, it was like exploring the deep sea for the first time. Starzl and Magouin published their research in 1951. Starzl's work with Magouin earned him a Ph.D. in neurophysiology from Northwestern in 1952, and at the same time he received his medical degree with distinction.
|
|
|
Starzl met one more doctor at Northwestern who had a great influence on his life, Loyal Davis. According to Starzl, he learned more about surgery in three months on Dr. Davis' service than in any three months in his life. Though Magouin wanted him to continue in neuroanatomy and Davis wanted him to remain in his program at Northwestern, Starzl chose to continue his surgical training at Johns Hopkins University Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, where he completed a fellowship and a residency. Two years into his residency, he married Barbara June Brothers of Hartville, Ohio, whom he had met at Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, six months before. They had three children, Timothy, Rebecca, and Thomas.
After four years at Johns Hopkins, Starzl chose to take a position at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, Florida. He was angry that Johns Hopkins offered him a fifth year, but definitely not a sixth year. He also did not like the regimentation of the program, and he needed a salary to support his growing family. His father was recovering from a stroke and Starzl felt it was time to stop being subsidized by him. Jackson Memorial Hospital had one of the busiest emergency rooms in the United States. Starzl was in on the beginning of both open heart surgery and the dawn of blood vessel surgery. He also set up a laboratory in an empty garage on the grounds of the hospital and experimented with removing the livers of dogs. He was successful and published his results, which quickly became the standard worldwide.
|
|
|
In 1958 Starzl accepted a fellowship in thoracic surgery at Northwestern University. In 1959 he passed the thoracic surgery boards and remained on the faculty for four years. He received two awards that helped to fund his experimental research in techniques for liver transplantation. The National Institutes of Health gave him a five-year grant, and the other was the Markle Scholarship, which induced him to stay in academic medicine. Most surgeons at university hospitals were volunteers and derived their income from private patients. Starzl was the second full-time member of the Northwestern University surgical faculty. That and his grants allowed him to continue his research on liver transplants.
Developed Reliable Management Techniques for Kidney Transplants
After four years at Northwestern, poor working conditions caused Starzl to look for a better position. He joined the faculty at the University of Colorado School of Medicine as an associate professor of surgery in 1962 and became a professor of surgery in 1964. He was to remain in Colorado for 19 years. On March 27, 1962, Starzl performed his first kidney transplant on an identical twin recipient. Soon he became interested in a patient, Royal Jones. The boy, only twelve years old, was running out of places where the artificial kidney machine could be connected. His mother was to be his donor. This would be Starzl's first non-twin transplant. In his autobiography, Starzl said that to abandon Royal was unthinkable in view of the deep commitment made to him and his mother. On November 24, 1962, the kidney transplant was completed along with a combination treatment of irradiation, and the administration of immunosuppressant drugs Imuran and prednisone. The operation was a success. Royal Jones was later to have the first and second kidney transplants replaced, but was still alive when Starzl's autobiography was published thirty years later. Starzl and his research team went on to perform more than 1,000 kidney transplants at Colorado General Hospital and at Veterans Administration Hospital in Denver.
Дата добавления: 2021-11-30; просмотров: 19; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!