Образуйте имена существительные от следующих глаголов:

Государственное автономное профессиональное образовательное учреждение Чувашской Республики «Алатырский технологический колледж» Министерства образования и молодежной политики Чувашской Республики

 

Методическая разработка

Сборник
 упражнений для практических занятий по
английскому языку

К учебнику Н. Г. Веселовской: Английский язык для специальностей «Землеустройство» и «Земельный кадастр».
   

Для специальности:
21.02.05 Земельно-имущественные отношения                             

 

Автор – преподаватель английского языка Михалькова Татьяна Леонидовна

 

Алатырь 2020 г.

РАССМОТРЕНО на заседании ПЦК                                        
общих гуманитарных и социально-                                  
экономических дисциплин                                               
Протокол от « »                                г. №                        
Председатель ___________О. Г. Алёшина

 

 

Сборник упражнений для практических занятий по английскому языку предназначен для студентов 2, 3 курса специальности 21.02.05 Земельно-имущественные отношения.                        
В каждую практическую работу входит текст, лексические и грамматические упражнения. Учебные задания способствуют усвоению и запоминанию терминов по специальности. Материалы сборника рекомендуются для использования в учебном процессе в средних специальных учебных заведениях.

 

 

Практическая работа №1.

 

1.Прочитайте следующие слова:

Land, inhabitants, development, planning, provide, profoundly, gift, use, surveying, basis, nature, qualified, directly, ownership, prosperous, skills, peasant, important.

2.Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:

Land use, land use planning, land surveying, a land surveyor, pro­foundly educated, land information, advanced countries, to sustain life, to pose a question, opposite situation, a simple answer, individual basis, an aspect of survival, land ownership.

Прочитайте и переведите текст :

The Individual and Society

It is obvious that any textbook on land use planning begins by posing the question, “What is land use planning about?” It is not a difficult problem to give a simple answer to this basic question. Land use plan­ning or land surveying is a process of managing the use and develop­ment of land resources in a sustainable way. It is essentially a study of the methods in which land use planners apply their knowledge, skills and efforts to the gifts of nature in order to satisfy their needs and wants.

Effective land use planning is impossible without land information. Such information includes land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and land use.

Even in the prosperous, economically advanced countries there is an aspect of survival. Land helps people to survive. That’s why lands are very important resources for men.

Some people have the abilities to sustain life without outside assist­ance. But a large percentage of the human race of the third world still lives in very small self-sufficient peasant communities. These people experience great poverty, but they provide on an individual basis, for their own survival. They have a degree of economic independence.

The inhabitants of cities are totally incapable directly, the means of survival. Here we can observe the opposite situation — a high level of living together with an extreme economic dependence. Such people depend upon the efforts and cooperation of many thousands of specialist workers, among them land use planners. Land use planning is concerned with land cadastre, land relations, land improvement, agriculture, soil sciences, law, geodesy, geography, com­puter science, etc. To solve these problems land use planners must be not only qualified but profoundly educated specialists.

4.Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов:

Skill, trucks, land use planning, make, a land surveyor, community, compel, society, automobiles, a land use planner, land surveying, level, knowledge, standard.

5.Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов:

Capable, independence, possible, easy, directly, impossible, large, incapable, difficult, dependence, small, indirectly.

6.Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:

Глубоко образованный специалист, большой процент, ставить вопрос, регулировать землеустройство, простой ответ, решать проблему, информация о земле, помощь извне, трудный вопрос, экономическая независимость, поддерживать жизнь, средство вы­живания, противоположная ситуация, для того, чтобы удовлетво­рить нужды.

7.Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на ан­глийский:

1. Землеустройство — древняя наука. 2. Информация о земле включает землевладение, землепользование и потенциал земель­ных ресурсов. 3. Эффективное землеустройство невозможно без информации о земле. 4. Люди используют свои знания и навыки, чтобы удовлетворить свои нужды. 5. Даже в процветающих стра­нах существует аспект выживания. 6. Землеустроитель может дать правильные ответы на многие вопросы.

8.Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be:

1. Who ... the best specialist? 2. There ... vast land resources in

Russia. 3. Last year there ... the highest crop in this region. 4. Next year

y°u a land use planner. 5. I ... a second year student. 6. Land use

planning ... concerned with different sciences. 7. In future effective land use planning impossible without land information.

9.Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную Формы:

1. It is a difficult matter to give a simple answer to the basic question. 2. Land use planning is impossible without land information. 3- Such information includes land resources capacity et al. 4. Lands are very important resources for men. 5. People of the third world experi­ence great poverty. 6. We observe a high level of living in some devel­oped countries. 7. They have a degree of economic independence.

10.Заполните пропуски предлогами:

1. Land use planning is a process ... managing the use and develop­ment ... land resources ... a sustainable way. 2. Land helps people ... survive. 3. Many textbooks begin ... posing the basic question. 4. It is not a difficult problem ... give a right answer ... the main question. 5. ... order ... satisfy men’s needs and wants people apply their knowledge ... the gifts ... nature.
11.Заполните пропуски, используя глаголы, данные в скобках:

1. This textbook ... by posing the basic question (to begin). 2. Effec­tive land use planning ... impossible without land information (to be).

3.Some people ... knowledge and skills to satisfy their wants (to apply).

4.Land ... people to solve different problems (to help). 5. Nature ... men’s needs and wants in many ways (to satisfy).

12.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

What do most textbooks on land use planning begin by? 2. Why do people apply their knowledge and skills? 3. What is effective land use planning impossible without? 4. Are lands very important resources for men? 5. How does a large percentage of the human race still live?

What does land information include? 7. Do we observe a high level of living in large cities? 8. Is it important to have economic independ­ence?

 

.

Практическая работа №2.

 

1.Прочитайте следующие слова:

Adopt, option, top-down, encourage, rural, recreational, activities, between, wildlife, matching, framework, target, weighting, participa­tion, impact, resolve, agricultural, overexploitation.

2.Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:

Systematic assessment, without degrading, social aspect, implemen­tation and monitoring of plans, assistance to decision makers, most beneficial, the most satisfying results, the planning cycles, erosion haz­ard, local targets, popular awareness, agricultural land use planning,wider framework, both advantages and disadvatages, higher level sup­port.

3. Прочитайте и переведите текст : Rural and Agricultural Land Use Planning.

Land use planning can be defined as the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternative systems of land use and other physical, social and economic conditions. The purpose is to select and adopt land use options which are the most beneficial to land users with­out degrading the resources or the environment, together with the se­lection of measures most likely to encourage such land uses.

In the broadest meaning of the term, land use planning deals with planning for all types of land use (rural, urban, industrial, recreational, etc.). Land use planning involves many aspects of planning such as designing planning options, evaluation of feasibility (economic, envi­ronmental, social impact assessment), providing assistance to decision maker, implementation and monitoring of plans.

Rural land use planning is concerned with all (economic) activities in rural areas, such as agriculture, pastoralism, forestry, wildlife conser­vation and tourism. Besides evaluation of the potential of different ac­tivities, rural land use planning assists in resolving conflicts of interests between groups of land users.

Some of the key aspects of agricultural land use planning are physi­cal and socio-economic ones. Physical aspects involve land evaluation (mapping, analysis, suitability matching), identification of opportunities For change (improve existing land use system, suggest new land use systems), natural resources management (sustainable land use systems).

The objectives of socio-economic aspects include identification of target groups, weighting options and connection with other administra­tion/planning. Such land legislation as access to land, ownership of resources, land reforms are also included in socio-economic aspects as well as training technical staff, farmers and financial framework like credit schemes and products marketing.

Land is a limited resource and the misuse of land can lead to such problem as non-sustainable land use: processes of overexploitation (overgrazing, deforestation, erosion hazard).

We need to conserve land resources for future use through sustain­able land uses. For successful land use planning it is important to de­termine the best use of the land. It is necessary to take into considera­tion efficiency, equity, acceptability and sustainability of the land. At the same time conflicts of interests between land users should be re­solved.

4.Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов:

Local, start, benefit, advantage, option, vantage, choice, begin, re­gional, income.
5.Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов:

Satisfied, find, high, popular, encourage, low, unpopular, lose, nar­row, wide, discourage, unsatisfied.

6.Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:

Человек, принимающий решение, сельскохозяйственное зем­леустройство, оценка возможности, сохранять земельные ресур­сы, опасность эрозии, ограниченный ресурс, «нисходящее» зем­леустройство (инициатива сверху), «восходящее» землеустройство (инициатива снизу), стратегия планирования, большие преиму­щества, региональный уровень, вариант землеустройства, боль­шие площади, полагаться только на одну стратегию, окружающая среда.

7.Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на ан­глийский:

1. Землеустроители никогда не должны полагаться только на одну стратегию. 2. Мы нуждаемся в консервации земельных ре­сурсов. 3. Землеустройство осуществляется на государственном, региональном и местном уровнях. 4. Процесс планирования ос­нован на кадастровой съемке земельных ресурсов. 5. Водоснабже­ние является одной из основных проблем человека. 6. Существу­ют разные стратегии планирования.

8.Преобразуйте следующие предложения в Past Simple Tense:

1. Land is a limited resource. 2. There are different land use is­sues. 3. Misuse of land leads to several problems. 4. The advantage includes people’s benefit. 5. Bottom-up planning means active par­ticipation of land users. 6. Land use policy depends upon the com­peting demands for land. 7. Physical aspects involve natural resource management.

9.Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова:

1. Option, best, which, the, is? 2. Are, legislations, many, there, land, for, planning, use. 3. Highest, there, year, crop, last, was, the.

4.Now, working, are, we. 5. Is, limited, land, resource, a. 6. Need, conserve, resources, we, to, land. 7. Are, strategies, there, different, two, planning.

10.Заполните пропуски предлогами:

1. Different types ... land use planning are usually described. 2.... traditional society, people use up-to-date methods ... crop production. 3. The methods and types ... planting and harvesting are always based traditions. 4. Year ... year, little is changed. 5. ... Britain equal pay ... women did not obtain legal sanctions ... the 1970s.

11.Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1. I am a land use planning engineer. 2. Land is a limited resource. 3.The land legislation decided financial problems last month. 4. The and use planners will discuss the best options tomorrow. 5. Bottom-up and use planning includes both advantages and disadvantages.

12.Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to have:

1. Each planning strategy ... its own advantages. 2. We ... many friends. 3. Bottom-up land use planning ... some disadvantages. 4. Next year this student will ... a diploma of a land use planner. 5. Last year students ... many interesting subjects.

13.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How can land use planning be defined? 2.What is the purpose of land use planning? 3. What does land use planning deal with? 4. Does land use planning include many aspects? 5. What are the key aspects of agricultural land use planning? 6. Is land a limited resource? 7. Do we need to conserve land resources for future use? 8. What is important for successful land use planning?

Практическая работа №3.

 

 

1. Прочитайте следующие слова:

Border, elimination, soil, protection, waste, establishment, research­ing. connect, pollution, certificate, restoration, boundary, site, sub­stances, conduction, estimation, carry out, researchers.

2.  Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:

Technical registration, wind erosion, waste products, tilled soils, ra­dioactive substances, projects for reclaiming the soils, country bounda­ries, elimination of inconveniences, arrangement of land, irrationally used, publicly discussed, interfarm land use planning, number of inter­connected elements, land property.

3.  Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Land Use Planning Activity

The basic directions of land use planning in Russia include:

-  development of federal and regional forecasts, programmes of use and protection of land resources, a scheme of land use planning in view of town-planning, ecological, economic and other features of the territory;

-  survey with establishment (restoration) on land the borders of ad­ministrative-territorial formations, the borders of land sites under gen­eral state system and their technical registration;

-  drawing up new land use planning projects, existing landed prop­erties and land uses ordering with elimination of inconveniences in the arrangement of land;

-  delimitation of the land areas, establishment of borders and allot­ment of land sites in districts, registration of plans (drawings) of bor­ders, preparation for the certificate of rights to the land sites;

-  development of the projects for reclaiming the tilled soils, soil protection from water and wind erosion, mudflow, landslides, flooding, bogging, pollution by waste products of manufacture, chemical and radioactive substances, for improvement of agricultural lands, for devel­opment of new areas, preservation and increase of soil fertility;

-  substantiation of borders accommodation and establishment of especially protected territories;

-  fixing and change on district of city, country and rural settlements boundaries;

-  conducting topographical and geodetic, cartographical, soil, agro- cemical, geobotanical, historical, cultural and other researching

-  development of land use planning documents connected with estimation of resources, use and protection of land, preservation and development of historically used economic activities of small people and ethnic groups;

-  drawing up maps and atlases of land resources conditions and use;

-  land inventory, regular revealing unused, irrationally used, area used not on a special-purpose designation.

Land use planning activity is carried out in all areas irrespective о their special-purpose designation and forms of ownership according to scientifically proved, publicly discussed and in accordance with estab­lished order authorized by land use planning documentation (including forecasts, programmes, schemes and projects, materials of inspections and researches).

4.  Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов:

Activity, regulation, particular, demarcation, work, special, order, define, arrangement, organizing, delimitation, determine.

5.  Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов:

Misunderstanding, natural, irregular, legal, understanding, unnatu­ral, regular, respective, illegal, irrespective.

6.  Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:

Защита почвы от эрозии, установление границ, материалы проверок и исследований, целевое назначение, улучшение с/х зе­мель, этнические группы, публично обсужденные проблемы, опись (инвентаризация) земли, основные средства, земельные площади, в соответствии с, равные права, компьютерная наука, детальные топографические исследования.

7.  Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на ан­глийский:

1. В России существуют основные направления землеустрои­тельных работ. 2. Разработка землеустроительных документов связана с оценкой земли. 3. Этнические группы используют и сохраняют свою землю. 4. Землеустройство — это правильная ор­ганизация земельных ресурсов. 5. Компьютеры широко использу­ются в землеустройстве. 6. Землеустроители решают топографи­ческие и картографические вопросы каждый день. 7. Законода­тельные и правовые акты определяют правильное использование земель. 8. Пользователи земли и собственники участвуют в земле­устроительной работе.

8.  Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова:

Arrangement, proprietor, management, worker, specialist, user, gov­ernment, legislation, administration, citizenship, designation.

9.  Образуйте имена существительные от следующих глаголов:

Depend, improve, operate, direct, measure, consider, compose, ar­range, participate, manage.

10.  Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова: estimation, used, administrative, conducts, responsible'.

1. Land use planning is financed by ... bodies. 2. A land use planner ... topographical and geodetic works. 3. Maps and atlases are ... by spe­cialists. 4. A land use planner is ... for revealing unused lands. 5. ... of resources is the main task of a land use planner.

11.  Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1. Bodies of the government are the customers of land use planning work. 2. The state guarantees equal rights and protection for citizens.

3.  Maintenance of steady landscapes is obligatory for all proprietors.

4.  Local land use planning allows to receive operation designs. 5. A land use planner estimates development of a site.

12.  Образуйте 3 формы следующих глаголов:

То be, to have, to go, to begin, to increase, to direct, to provide, to change, to own, to till, to depend, to define, to arrange.

13.  Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How many kinds of land use planning do you know? 2. What are they? 3. What is the purpose of land use planning? 4. Are there the basic directions of land use planning activity? 5. Land use planning activity is carried out in all areas, is not it? 6. What tasks does local land use planning solve? 7. What laws does land use planning study? 8. Who can participate in land use planning work?

 

Практическая работа №4.

 

1. Прочитайте следующие слова:

Integrated, dialogue, initiating, conceivable, iterative, appropriate, impose, groundwater, support, pollution, traffic, addition, society, su­perfluous, view, expense, core, designed.

2.  Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:

Exact role, environmental context, lack of planning, the conse­quences of land use activities, new findings, implementation and mon­itoring, forming a consensus, cooperation relations, long-term sustain­ability, local knowledge, living conditions, kind of benefits, existing environmental damage, direct and indirect land users.

3.  Прочитайте и переведите текст :

Land Use Planning as an Instrument of the Technical Cooperation

The basic understanding or model drawn up by the “Working Group on Integrated Land Use Planning” is stated as follows:

Land use planning is an iterative process based on the dialogue amongst all stockholders aiming at the negotiation and decision for a sustainable form of land use in rural areas as well as initiating and monitoring its implementation. Land use planning provides the prereq­uisites for achieving a sustainable form of land use. This text gives the presentation of the basic principles of land use planning, such as the principle of the iterative nature of the process or the guidance for im­plementation. It also gives a sound and integrated picture of the land use planning process.

Wherever groups of people use land and its resources, land use is planned, being aware of it or not. Land use does not consider produc­tion only, but also land functions, such as protected areas, land recrea­tion, road building, waste disposal sides and use-restricted areas, such as buffer zones for regeneration groundwater, buffer zones for traffic noise, pollution, etc.

Land use planning is not only practiced when national authorities intervene or as a result of development cooperation projects. Land use planning happens in every society, even if the term is not used. Land use planning deals with cases in which an intervention occurs in order to improve land use and to sustain natural resources. In the past, deci­sions made on land use have resulted in the degradation of land re­sources, or an imbalance between supply and demand of those resourc­es. Here, land use planning is understood as an instrument of the tech­nical cooperation used in the following types of projects:

-  resources management (forestry, production systems compatible with resources and agroforestry, pasture management, nature protection and erosion control);

-  rural regional development;

-  community support and village development;

-  government consultation (environmental strategy planning, agri­cultural sector planning, assessment of land potential).

These land use planning-guidelines are not intended to standardize and impose compulsory procedures for all conceivable variants. They appear more appropriate to offer support for different situations, taking into consideration the specific conditions of the technical cooperation. In addition, the exact role and scope of land use planning within the technical cooperation has still to be determined according to the con­text and local conditions by those responsible for planning and imple­mentation of projects.

4.  Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов:

Do, negotiation, organization, attain, principle, achieve, enterprise, new, talk, core, make, modern.

5.  Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов:

Direct, regard, wide, unsuitable, narrow, rural, indirect, balance, suitable, disregard, imbalance, urban.

6.  Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:

Скрытые недостатки планирования, ориентированное на диа­лог обучение, подготовка плановых документов, относительно низ­кая значимость, повторяющееся планирование, существенный эле­мент, выполнение плана, экологическое планирование площади, восприниматься по-разному, обязательные процедуры, шум до­рожного движения, научно обоснованный экономический смысл, развитие деревни, техническое сотрудничество.

7.  Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на ан­глийский:

1. Я не хочу получать лишнюю базу данных. 2. Землеустрой­ство — это повторяющийся процесс. 3. Повторяющийся процесс требует гибкости в землеустройстве. 4. Сельские районы характе­ризуются сельскохозяйственным производством. 5. Решение кон­фликтов — важный политический фактор. 6. Землеустройство — инструмент технического сотрудничества. 7. Землеустроительный процесс включает оценку земли. 8. Землеустроители должны уде­лять внимание распространению сельскохозяйственной продук­ции.

8.  Преобразуйте предложения в Future Simple Tense:

1. Land use planning is an iterative process. 2. The land use planning process includes land assessment. 3. The most important target group in land use planning is made up of the direct users. 4. Rural areas are characterized by agricultural and forestry production. 5. A land use planner carries out different projects. 6. Great attention is paid to the distribution of the production. 7. This applies particularly to major in­frastructural measures.

Образуйте имена существительные от следующих глаголов:

То apply, to arrange, to organize, to invest, to contribute, to secure,

to justify, to define, to determine, to protect, to limit, to provide, to develop, to implement, to present.

10.  Заполните пропуски , используя слова : economically, improve, principles, influence, rural.

1. People often have economic or political ... 2. Measures should be ... justified. 3. The government tries to ... living conditions of peo­ple. 4. The presentation of the basic ... is given. 5. Land use planning is used in ... regional development.

11.  Задайте 4 вопроса к тексту.

---

Дата добавления: 2020-04-25; просмотров: 1363; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

Поделиться с друзьями:

---

---

Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!